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DOI: 10.1177/1059601103251232 Cracks in the Glass CeilingIn What Kinds of Organizations Do Women Make it to the Top?University of Connecticut
Regent University
Georgia Institute of Technology This study investigates variables that differentiate work establishments that have women in top management positions from those that do not. Women occupied top management positions in slightly more than half of the 228 medium- to large-sized private sector establishments the authors studied. The authors found that women are more likely to occupy top management ranks in establishments that have more lower level management positions filled by women, have higher management turnover, have lower average management salary levels, place greater emphasis on development and promotion of employees, and operate in nonmanufacturing industries.
Key Words: management turnover women in management
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